Existence and Stability of Periodic orbits of Periodic Difference Equations with Delays
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper, we investigate the existence and stability of periodic orbits of the p-periodic difference equation with delays xn = f(n− 1, xn−k). We show that the periodic orbits of this equation depend on the periodic orbits of p autonomous equations when p divides k. When p is not a divisor of k, the periodic orbits depend on the periodic orbits of gcd(p, k) nonautonomous p gcd(p,k) periodic difference equations. We give formulas for calculating the number of different periodic orbits under certain conditions. In addition, when p and k are relatively prime integers, we introduce what we call the pk-Sharkovsky’s ordering of the positive integers, and extend Sharkovsky’s theorem to periodic difference equations with delays. Finally, we characterize global stability and show that the period of a globally asymptotically stable orbit must divide p.
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عنوان ژورنال:
- I. J. Bifurcation and Chaos
دوره 18 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2008